Maclennan

Density Effects When organism densities are very high, multiple scattering (echoes that have scattered off multiple individuals before returning to the transducer) and shadowing have non-linear effects on the summation of echoes within a sampling volume (MacLennan 1990, Toresen 1991). The... Platforms: Mac

Organisms must be sufficiently separated to be resolved as individual targets for valid TS measurements to be obtained. Pulse duration (?Ya*z, s) and sound speed (c, m*s-1) affect the separation of echoes through the relationship: Equation 18 [18] where ???a* R is the range between two... Platforms: Mac

Introduction Fisheries acoustics is the use of underwater sound to detect, enumerate, and measure the distribution of fish and other living marine and freshwater resources and describe their habitat. This website is focused on the process of actively transmitting a sound pulse (ping) and... Platforms: Mac